一、燃气系统问题

1、 Gas system issues

（一）燃气压力波动

（1） Gas pressure fluctuation

燃气压力波动是影响瓦斯发电机组稳定运行的常见问题。经分析，其产生原因主要有以下几点：

Gas pressure fluctuations are a common problem that affects the stable operation of gas generators. After analysis, the main reasons for its occurrence are as follows:

气源压力不稳：当气源压力变化幅度超过设定值的 10% 时，会直接导致进入机组的燃气压力波动，进而影响燃烧稳定性。

Unstable gas source pressure: When the change in gas source pressure exceeds 10% of the set value, it will directly cause fluctuations in the gas pressure entering the unit, thereby affecting combustion stability.

调压阀故障：若调压阀响应时间超过 2 秒，无法及时对压力变化做出调节，同样会造成燃气压力不稳定。

Pressure regulating valve malfunction: If the response time of the pressure regulating valve exceeds 2 seconds, it cannot adjust the pressure changes in a timely manner, which can also cause unstable gas pressure.

滤芯堵塞：当滤芯前后压差大于 5kPa 时，气体流通受阻，这也会引起燃气压力波动。

Filter blockage: When the pressure difference between the front and rear of the filter is greater than 5kPa, gas flow is blocked, which can also cause fluctuations in gas pressure.

针对燃气压力波动问题，可采取以下解决方案：

The following solutions can be taken to address the issue of gas pressure fluctuations:

建立气源压力监测与反馈机制，实时跟踪气源压力变化，必要时与供气方协调稳定气源压力；定期检修调压阀，确保其响应灵敏，若出现故障及时更换或维修；按规定周期清理或更换滤芯，维持气体顺畅流通，保证燃气压力稳定。

Establish a monitoring and feedback mechanism for gas source pressure, track changes in gas source pressure in real time, and coordinate with the gas supply party to stabilize gas source pressure when necessary; Regularly inspect the pressure regulating valve to ensure its responsiveness, and replace or repair it promptly in case of any malfunction; Clean or replace the filter element according to the prescribed cycle, maintain smooth gas flow, and ensure stable gas pressure.

（二）甲烷浓度变化

（2） Changes in methane concentration

甲烷作为瓦斯气的主要可燃成分，其浓度变化会显著影响机组运行。为应对甲烷浓度变化，可采取以下措施：

Methane, as the main combustible component of gas, can significantly affect the operation of the unit when its concentration changes. To cope with changes in methane concentration, the following measures can be taken:

安装在线色谱仪：实现对甲烷浓度的快速检测，检测周期小于 30 秒，以便及时掌握浓度动态。

Install online chromatograph: achieve rapid detection of methane concentration, with a detection cycle of less than 30 seconds, in order to timely grasp the concentration dynamics.

调整空燃比：将空燃比（λ）控制在 1.8 - 2.2 的合理区间，确保燃气充分燃烧，提高机组效率。

Adjust air-fuel ratio: Control the air-fuel ratio (λ) within a reasonable range of 1.8-2.2 to ensure full combustion of gas and improve unit efficiency.

设置浓度联锁：当甲烷浓度低于 30% 时，自动降低机组负荷，避免因燃气热值不足导致机组运行异常 。

Set concentration interlock: When the methane concentration is below 30%, the unit load will be automatically reduced to avoid abnormal operation of the unit due to insufficient gas calorific value.

二、发动机故障

2、 Engine malfunction

（一）爆震现象

（1） Detonation phenomenon

爆震现象会对发动机造成严重损害。当出现高频金属声时，通常是由于点火提前角过大导致，此时需要将点火提前角调整至 25 - 35°CA，使燃烧过程更平稳；若出现功率突降的情况，往往是因为燃气热值突变，可采用热值补偿控制策略，根据燃气热值变化自动调整燃烧参数；而排温异常则多是由于混合不均匀引起，需要对混合器结构进行优化，促进燃气与空气充分混合。

The phenomenon of detonation can cause serious damage to the engine. When high-frequency metallic sound occurs, it is usually caused by a too large ignition advance angle. At this time, the ignition advance angle needs to be adjusted to 25-35 ° CA to make the combustion process smoother; If there is a sudden drop in power, it is often due to a sudden change in gas calorific value. A calorific value compensation control strategy can be used to automatically adjust combustion parameters based on the change in gas calorific value; Abnormal exhaust temperature is often caused by uneven mixing, and it is necessary to optimize the structure of the mixer to promote sufficient mixing of gas and air.

（二）气缸温度异常

（2） Abnormal cylinder temperature

为有效控制气缸温度异常，可采取以下控制策略：

To effectively control abnormal cylinder temperature, the following control strategies can be adopted:

冷却水温度监测：将冷却水温度控制在 85 - 95℃的最佳范围，通过冷却系统调节维持合适的温度，保障发动机正常散热。

Cooling water temperature monitoring: Control the cooling water temperature within the optimal range of 85-95 ℃, adjust and maintain the appropriate temperature through the cooling system, and ensure normal engine heat dissipation.

红外热像仪检测：利用红外热像仪实时监测气缸温度，当各部位温差超过 15℃时及时报警，以便排查温度异常原因。

Infrared thermal imager detection: Real time monitoring of cylinder temperature using an infrared thermal imager, and timely alarm when the temperature difference between different parts exceeds 15 ℃, in order to investigate the cause of temperature abnormalities.

缸套水流量调节：确保各缸缸套水流量单缸偏差小于 5%，保证各气缸冷却均匀，防止局部过热 。

Cylinder liner water flow regulation: Ensure that the cylinder liner water flow of each cylinder has a single cylinder deviation of less than 5%, ensure uniform cooling of each cylinder, and prevent local overheating.

三、发电系统故障

3、 Power generation system malfunction

（一）电压波动

（1） Voltage fluctuation

电压波动会影响发电质量和设备稳定性，可通过以下技术措施解决：

Voltage fluctuations can affect the quality of power generation and equipment stability, and can be resolved through the following technical measures:

AVR 响应优化：将自动电压调节器（AVR）的响应时间缩短至 20ms 以内，使其能快速对电压变化做出调节。

AVR response optimization: Shorten the response time of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) to within 20ms, enabling it to quickly adjust to voltage changes.

增加稳压电容：安装容量不小于 1000μF 的稳压电容，增强系统稳压能力，减少电压波动。

Increase voltage regulator capacitor: Install a voltage regulator capacitor with a capacity of not less than 1000 μ F to enhance the system's voltage regulation capability and reduce voltage fluctuations.

检查转子绕组：定期检测转子绕组，确保其阻抗偏差小于 5%，保证发电系统正常运行。

Check the rotor winding: Regularly inspect the rotor winding to ensure that its impedance deviation is less than 5%, ensuring the normal operation of the power generation system.

（二）并网不同步

（2） Asynchronous grid connection

实现瓦斯发电机组顺利并网，需满足以下同步条件：机组输出电压与电网电压差需控制在 ±5% 以内；机组发电频率与电网频率差应小于 ±0.2Hz；机组与电网的相位差需保持在 ±10° 以内 。

To achieve smooth grid connection of gas generator units, the following synchronization conditions must be met: the difference between the output voltage of the unit and the grid voltage must be controlled within ± 5%; The difference between the generator frequency and the grid frequency should be less than ± 0.2Hz; The phase difference between the unit and the power grid should be kept within ± 10 °.

并网前的校准步骤如下：仔细检查电压互感器（PT）和电流互感器（CT）的变比，确保测量准确；合理调整调速器的 PID 参数，优化机组的频率和功率调节性能；对同步继电器进行验证，保证其能准确判断并网条件，实现可靠并网。

The calibration steps before grid connection are as follows: carefully check the transformation ratio of the voltage transformer (PT) and current transformer (CT) to ensure accurate measurement; Reasonably adjust the PID parameters of the governor to optimize the frequency and power regulation performance of the unit; Verify the synchronous relay to ensure it can accurately determine the grid connection conditions and achieve reliable grid connection.

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