一、排烟系统结构

　　1、 Smoke exhaust system structure

　　1、隔热层为避免机房内温度过高，恶化发电机组正常的工作环境和避免操作人员烫伤，以及减少发电机组排气系统和增压器的机械噪声，机房内的排气系统应全部做有效的绝热隔声包扎。

　　1. The insulation layer should be effectively wrapped to prevent excessive temperature in the computer room, deterioration of the normal working environment of the generator set, and to prevent burns to operators, as well as to reduce mechanical noise from the exhaust system and turbocharger of the generator set.

　　2、防雨帽排气管最外端出口处应做防雨水处理，如将管口下切出一个角度适宜的倾斜角或加装防雨帽等。

　　2. The outermost outlet of the exhaust pipe with a rainproof cap should be treated with rainproof water, such as cutting a suitable inclination angle from the pipe mouth or installing a rainproof cap.

　　3、弯头排气系统应尽可能地减少弯头数量和缩短排气管的总长度，否则就会导致发电机组的排气背压增大，而使发电机组产生过多的功率损失，影响发电机组的正常运行和降低发电机组的正常使用寿命。在合金尾气发电机组技术资料中所提供的排气管径，一般是以排气管总长为6m、一个弯头和一个消声器为例的，在实际安装时，当排气系统超出了所规定的长度和弯头的数量时，则应适当加大排气管径，增大的尺寸取决于排气管总长和弯头的数量。一般地，排气管每增长6m，排气管截面积应加大4％～6％为宜。在计算排气管的总长时，应将弯头计算在内，具体换算方法是：一个90°弯头相当于其外缘直径的2.5～2.8倍的排气管有效长度。

　　3. The elbow exhaust system should minimize the number of elbows and shorten the total length of the exhaust pipe as much as possible, otherwise it will cause an increase in exhaust back pressure of the generator set, resulting in excessive power loss, affecting the normal operation of the generator set and reducing its normal service life. The exhaust pipe diameter provided in the technical data of the alloy tail gas generator set is generally taken as an example of a total exhaust pipe length of 6m, one elbow, and one muffler. In actual installation, when the exhaust system exceeds the specified length and number of elbows, the exhaust pipe diameter should be appropriately increased, and the size of the increase depends on the total length of the exhaust pipe and the number of elbows. Generally, for every 6m increase in the exhaust pipe, the cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe should be increased by 4% to 6%. When calculating the total length of the exhaust pipe, the elbow should be included. The specific conversion method is that a 90 ° elbow is equivalent to 2.5 to 2.8 times the effective length of the exhaust pipe's outer diameter.

　　4、波纹管从发电机组增压器排气总管接出的第一段管道，必须先接一个波纹管隔振，以避免合金尾气发电机组的振动通过排气管向周围传递，波纹管具有多个横向波纹的圆柱形薄壁折皱的壳体，波纹管具有弹性，在压力、轴向力、横向力或弯矩作用下能产生位移。

　　4. The first section of the pipeline connected from the exhaust manifold of the turbocharger of the generator set must first be connected with a corrugated pipe for vibration isolation to prevent the vibration of the alloy exhaust generator set from being transmitted to the surroundings through the exhaust pipe. The corrugated pipe has a cylindrical thin-walled wrinkled shell with multiple transverse corrugations, and has elasticity. It can produce displacement under pressure, axial force, transverse force or bending moment.

　　5、消声器装设一个工业型消声器，然后再加装一个住宅型消声器，这样可有效地防止噪声从排气管向外传播。

　　5. Install an industrial muffler and then add a residential muffler to effectively prevent noise from spreading outward from the exhaust pipe.

　　6、吊装杆（减震吊架）排气管第二段应被弹性支承，以避免排气管安装不合理或发电机组运行时，排气系统因热效应而产生的相对位移引起的附加侧应力和压应力加到发电机组上。排气管道的所有支承机构和悬吊装置均应有一定的弹性，如图3所示。吊装杆的一端活动连接两个可组合成圆环的半圆环，半圆环上设置有弹簧连接压块，两个半圆环组合成圆环后通过可拆卸连接固定。它可以吊装消声器，防止消声器太重导致压坏排烟管，同时可以缓冲消声器的震动，减少噪音。

　　6. The second section of the exhaust pipe of the lifting rod (shock-absorbing hanger) should be elastically supported to avoid additional lateral and compressive stresses caused by the relative displacement of the exhaust system due to thermal effects during the installation of the exhaust pipe or the operation of the generator set. All supporting mechanisms and suspension devices of the exhaust pipe should have a certain degree of elasticity, as shown in Figure 3. One end of the lifting rod is connected to two semi-circular rings that can be combined into a circular ring. The semi-circular rings are equipped with spring connection pressure blocks, and the two semi-circular rings are combined into a circular ring and fixed by a detachable connection. It can lift the muffler to prevent it from being too heavy and damaging the exhaust pipe, while also buffering the vibration of the muffler and reducing noise.

　　7、膨胀节排气管引至屋顶高空排放，中间连接膨胀节，吸收气管的伸缩变形。其作用如下：

　　7. The exhaust pipe of the expansion joint is led to the roof for high-altitude discharge, and the expansion joint is connected in the middle to absorb the expansion and contraction deformation of the air pipe. Its function is as follows:

　　（1）补偿作用：由于热胀冷缩等原因，在安装过程中，管道不可避免地会产生变形，造成管道连接处渗漏。如果采用金属波纹管补偿器的话就可以起到一定的伸缩补偿作用了。同时还可以降低噪音、减少震动等危害性，延长使用寿命。因此使用膨胀节对管道的保护是极为重要的。

　　(1) Compensation effect: Due to thermal expansion and contraction, the pipeline will inevitably deform during installation, causing leakage at the pipeline connection. If a metal bellows compensator is used, it can play a certain role in compensating for expansion and contraction. At the same time, it can also reduce noise, minimize vibration and other hazards, and extend the service life. Therefore, the use of expansion joints for pipeline protection is extremely important.

　　（2）密封作用：由于膨胀节的弹性元件具有较好的耐温性能以及较大的比压和良好的密封性能；另外其材料还具有较好的抗腐蚀性能及较高的强度等特性，用来取代法兰接头来消除管道因温度差与机械振动引起的接口渗漏问题。

　　(2) Sealing function: Due to the excellent temperature resistance, high specific pressure, and good sealing performance of the elastic element of the expansion joint; In addition, its material also has good corrosion resistance and high strength, which can be used to replace flange joints to eliminate interface leakage problems caused by temperature differences and mechanical vibrations in pipelines.

　　（3）吸收位移：膨胀节安装在管道上可以有效的防止因温差造成的轴向伸缩及任意角度的转动或摆动运动产生的轴向推力。对于有减震要求的管路系统尤其适用（如泵站排水阀），可大大降低管路系统的共振频率和噪声值（尤其是脉冲式阻尼减振装置）。

　　(3) Absorption displacement: Installing expansion joints on pipelines can effectively prevent axial expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences, as well as axial thrust generated by rotational or swinging movements at any angle. Especially suitable for pipeline systems with shock absorption requirements (such as pump station drainage valves), it can greatly reduce the resonance frequency and noise value of the pipeline system (especially pulse damping vibration reduction devices).

　　（4）降噪作用：因为膨胀节的弹性元件具有良好的吸声效果，所以它能有效地减小合金尾气机运转时产生的噪声污染量。

　　(4) Noise reduction effect: Because the elastic element of the expansion joint has good sound absorption effect, it can effectively reduce the noise pollution generated during the operation of the alloy exhaust fan.

　　8、排烟管道当机房内有一台以上发电机组时，每台发电机组的排气系统均应独立设计和安装，绝不允许让不同的发电机组共用一个排气管，以避免发电机组运行时，因不同发电机组的排气压力不同而引起的异常窜动，增大排气背压和防止废烟、废气通过共用管道回流，影响发电机组正常的功率输出，以至引起发电机组的损坏。所有排气管的壁厚应不小于2mm，同时建议选用热膨胀系数较小的钢质管。在可能的情况下，所有的排气管均应做绝热隔声包扎，特别是机房内和室外可能引起人员烫伤的管道必须包扎。排烟管道的布置如图4所示。

　　8. When there are more than one generator set in the computer room, the exhaust system of each generator set should be independently designed and installed. It is not allowed for different generator sets to share the same exhaust pipe to avoid abnormal movement caused by different exhaust pressures of different generator sets during operation, increase exhaust back pressure, and prevent exhaust smoke and exhaust gas from flowing back through the shared pipeline, which will affect the normal power output of the generator set and even cause damage to the generator set. The wall thickness of all exhaust pipes should not be less than 2mm, and it is recommended to use steel pipes with lower thermal expansion coefficients. Whenever possible, all exhaust pipes should be wrapped with insulation and sound insulation, especially for pipes inside and outside the computer room that may cause burns to personnel. The layout of the smoke exhaust duct is shown in Figure 4.

　　二、排烟高度的规定

　　2、 Regulations on smoke exhaust height

　　1、小于560KW的要求对于额定净功率不大于560千瓦的合金尾气发电机，污染物排放适用《非道路移动机械用合金尾气机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段)》（GB 20891-2007），对烟囱高度无明确要求。

　　1. For alloy tail gas generators with a rated net power not exceeding 560 kW, the pollutant emissions are subject to the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants of Alloy Tail Gas Generators for Non Road Mobile Machinery (China Stage I and II)" (GB 20891-2007), and there is no clear requirement for chimney height.

　　2、大于560KW的要求对于额定净功率大于560千瓦的合金尾气发电机，由于其烟气排放不适用《非道路移动机械用合金尾气机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段)》（GB 20891-2007），故仍应按照国家环保部《关于合金尾气发电机排气执行标准的复函》（环函〔2005〕350号）要求，参照《大气污染物综合排放标准》（GB 16297-1996）对其排放的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟气等污染物进行控制。按标准（GB 16297-1996），其烟囱高度一般不应低于15米，若必须低于15米时，其排放速率标准值按标准（GB 16297-1996）7.3的外推计算结果再严格50%执行。

　　2. For alloy tail gas generators with a rated net power greater than 560 kW, as their exhaust emissions do not comply with the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants of Alloy Tail Gas Generators for Non Road Mobile Machinery (China Stage I and II)" (GB 20891-2007), they should still be controlled for pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and exhaust gas in accordance with the requirements of the "Reply to the Implementation Standards for Exhaust Gas of Alloy Tail Gas Generators" (Huan Han [2005] No. 350) issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and refer to the "Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants" (GB 16297-1996). According to the standard (GB 16297-1996), the chimney height should generally not be less than 15 meters. If it is necessary to be less than 15 meters, the emission rate standard value should be calculated strictly 50% based on the extrapolation result of standard (GB 16297-1996) 7.3.

　　3、尾气处理装置的要求以上标准除对排气筒高度有明确要求外，对污染物排放浓度和排放速率也有具体规定。考虑到加高固定式合金尾气发电机排气筒高度会导致燃料燃烧不充分、增大污染物排放等现象，以及大功率合金尾气机存在无法满足排放速率限值的情况，建议目前固定式合金尾气发电机污染物排放浓度按照气污染物限值中的最高允许排放浓度指标进行控制，对排气筒高度和排放速率暂不作要求。待国家固定式压燃式发动机及设施排放标准出台后，固定式合金尾气发电机污染物排放按此标准执行。对于已批复环评的项目，建议按照原环境保护部关于印发环评管理中部分行业建设项目重大变动清单的通知环办，分析固定式合金尾气发电机污染物排放方式变化是否属于重大变化，并按相应要求确定后续手续办理方式。

　　3. The above standards not only have clear requirements for the height of the exhaust pipe, but also have specific regulations on the concentration and rate of pollutant emissions. Considering that increasing the height of the exhaust pipe of a fixed alloy tail gas generator can lead to insufficient fuel combustion and increased pollutant emissions, as well as the inability of high-power alloy tail gas engines to meet emission rate limits, it is recommended that the pollutant emission concentration of fixed alloy tail gas generators be controlled according to the maximum allowable emission concentration index in the gas pollutant limit, and there are no requirements for the height and emission rate of the exhaust pipe for the time being. After the national emission standards for fixed compression ignition engines and facilities are issued, the pollutant emissions of fixed alloy tail gas generators will be implemented according to this standard. For projects that have been approved for environmental impact assessment, it is recommended to follow the notice from the former Ministry of Environmental Protection on issuing a list of major changes in the environmental impact assessment management for some industry construction projects. Analyze whether the changes in the pollutant emission methods of fixed alloy tail gas generators belong to major changes, and determine the subsequent procedures according to the corresponding requirements.

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