可利用技术：生物质可利用种类繁多，分别具有不同特点和属性，利用技术复杂、多样，纵观国内外生物质利用技术，均是将其转换为固态、液态和气态燃料加以高效利用，主要途径有：

Technologies that can be utilized: There are various types of biomass that can be utilized, each with different characteristics and attributes. The utilization technologies are complex and diverse. Looking at biomass utilization technologies at home and abroad, they all convert it into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels for efficient utilization. The main ways are:

1.直接燃烧技术包括户用炉灶燃烧技术、锅炉燃烧技术、生物质与煤的混合燃烧技术，以及与之相关的压缩成型和烘焙技术。

1. Direct combustion technology includes household stove combustion technology, boiler combustion technology, mixed combustion technology of biomass and coal, as well as related compression molding and baking technologies.

2.生物转化技术小型户用沼气池，大中型厌氧消化。

2. Biological conversion technology for small-scale household biogas digesters and large and medium-sized anaerobic digestion.

3.热化学转化技术包括生物质气化、干馏、快速热解液化技术。

3. Thermochemical conversion technology includes biomass gasification, dry distillation, and rapid pyrolysis liquefaction technology.

4.液化技术包括提炼植物油技术、制取乙醇、甲醇等技术。

4. Liquefaction technology includes techniques for extracting vegetable oil, producing ethanol, methanol, and other technologies.

5.有机垃圾能源处理技术。

5. Organic waste energy treatment technology.

生物质发电的形式：

Forms of biomass power generation:

直接燃烧发电：直接燃烧发电是指生物质在锅炉中直接燃烧，生产蒸汽带动蒸汽轮机及发电机发电。生物质直接燃烧发电的关键技术包括生物质原料预处理、锅炉防腐、锅炉的原料适用性及燃料效率、蒸汽轮机效率等技术。

Direct combustion power generation: Direct combustion power generation refers to the direct combustion of biomass in a boiler, producing steam to drive a steam turbine and generator for power generation. The key technologies for biomass direct combustion power generation include biomass raw material pretreatment, boiler anti-corrosion, boiler raw material applicability and fuel efficiency, steam turbine efficiency, and other technologies.

混合发电：生物质还可以与煤混合作为燃烧发电，称之为生物质混合燃烧发电技术。混合燃烧方式主要有两种。一种是生物质直接与煤混合后投入燃烧，该方式对于燃料处理和燃烧设备要求较高，不是所有燃煤发电厂都能采用；一种是生物质气化产生的燃气与煤混合燃烧，这种混合燃烧系统中燃烧，产生的蒸汽一同送入汽轮机发电机组。

Hybrid power generation: Biomass can also be mixed with coal for combustion power generation, which is called biomass mixed combustion power generation technology. There are mainly two types of mixed combustion methods. One method is to directly mix biomass with coal and put it into combustion, which requires high requirements for fuel processing and combustion equipment, and not all coal-fired power plants can adopt this method; One type is the mixed combustion of gas and coal produced by biomass gasification, in which the steam generated is sent to the steam turbine generator unit together.

气化发电：生物质气化发电技术是指生物质在气化炉中转化为气体燃料，经净化后直接进入燃气机发电或者直接进入燃料电池发电。气化发电的关键技术之一是燃气净化，气化出来的燃气都含有一定的杂质，包括灰分、焦炭和焦油等，需经过净化系统把杂质除去，以保证发电设备的正常运行。

Gasification power generation: Biomass gasification power generation technology refers to the conversion of biomass into gas fuel in a gasifier, which is purified and directly enters a gas turbine for power generation or a fuel cell for power generation. One of the key technologies for gasification power generation is gas purification. The gasified gas contains certain impurities, including ash, coke, tar, etc., which need to be removed through a purification system to ensure the normal operation of power generation equipment.

沼气发电：沼气发电是随着沼气综合利用技术的不断发展而出现的一项沼气利用技术，其主要原理是利用工农业或城镇生活中的大量有机废弃物经厌氧发酵处理产生的沼气驱动发电机组发电。用于沼气发电的设备主要为内燃机，一般由柴油机改造而成。

Biogas power generation: Biogas power generation is a biogas utilization technology that has emerged with the continuous development of biogas comprehensive utilization technology. Its main principle is to use the biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation treatment of a large amount of organic waste in industry, agriculture or urban life to drive a generator set to generate electricity. The equipment used for biogas power generation is mainly internal combustion engines, which are generally modified from diesel engines.

垃圾发电：垃圾发电包括垃圾焚烧发电和垃圾气化发电，其不仅可以解决垃圾处理的问题，同时还可以回收利用垃圾中的能量，节约资源，垃圾焚烧发电是利用垃圾在焚烧炉中燃烧放出的热量将水加热获得过热蒸汽，推动汽轮机带动发电机发电。垃圾焚烧技术主要有层状燃烧技术、流化床燃烧技术、旋转燃烧技术等。

Garbage power generation: Garbage power generation includes garbage incineration power generation and garbage gasification power generation, which can not only solve the problem of garbage disposal, but also recycle the energy in garbage, save resources. Garbage incineration power generation uses the heat released by the combustion of garbage in the incinerator to heat water and obtain superheated steam, which drives the turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity. Garbage incineration technology mainly includes layered combustion technology, fluidized bed combustion technology, rotary combustion technology, etc.

发展起来的气化熔融焚烧技术，包括垃圾在450°~640°温度下的气体和含碳灰渣在1300°以上的熔融燃烧两个过程，垃圾处理彻底，过程洁净，并可以回收部分资源，被认为是最具有前景的垃圾发电技术。

The developed gasification melting incineration technology includes two processes: gas combustion of garbage at temperatures of 450 °~640 ° C and melting combustion of carbonaceous ash above 1300 ° C. The garbage treatment is thorough, the process is clean, and some resources can be recovered. It is considered the most promising garbage power generation technology.

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